Elements and Principles of Photography

1. Leading Lines- leading lines are lines in a photograph that leads your eyes to a point or out of the picture.  The lines in this picture lead your eye to the windmill.
   
2. Vertical Lines- vertical lines in a photograph are used to convey power and strength. They are lines that run north to south in the photograph which makes your eyes go to the top of the picture.
   
3. Horizontal Lines- horizontal lines in photographs are used to show peacefulness and quiet and run east to west in the photograph. The bars run east to west which your eye follows.
   
4. Diagonal Lines- they are used to show movement and action and has a feeling of dynamic action. They run at a slant. 
   
5. Curved Lines- they add grace and soften the photo and suggest a journey. The curved lines in this photograph create a journey that leads to the person. 
   
6. Symmetrical Balance- a symmetrical photograph is equal and balanced and the two sides mirror each other. The chairs are the same on both sides and they mirror each other.
   
7. Asymmetrical Balance- it is the opposite of symmetrical balance, the picture is unbalanced, there is more on one side than the other, they are unequal. There are more teacups on one side than there are on the other.
   
8. Unity- unity is having a whole and balanced photograph that has different elements that work together.  
   
9. Variety- there is a combination of different things in the photograph. There are different fruits of different shapes, sizes and color which creates variety.
   
10. Movement/Rhythm- movement is the path that the picture goes in the the focal point, and rhythm is regularly occurring elements that flow together. In this picture the path is in circles due to the lights.
    
11. Emphasis- emphasis is the point your eye first goes to in a photo and stands out against the rest of the photograph. Everything in the picture is black and white and the background is blurred, and the ball is in color and in focus which emphasizes it.
    
12. Proportion/Scale- the size and scale of objects in a photograph and the relationship of it to the other parts. The person's hand appears to be much larger than the Eiffel Tower.
    
13. Repetition/Pattern- repeating visual elements to unify the picture. The pattern of the woven rope repeats.
    
14. Bird's Eye View- the photograph is a view from above, as if the viewer was a bird in the sky. This picture of a cat is taken from above, where a bird would be.
    
15. Worm's Eye View- the opposite of bird's eye view, the picture appears to be looking up from the ground, the point of view of a worm. This picture of a tree is taken from below, where a worm would be.
    
16. Horizon Line- the horizon line divides the photo from east to west and is not usually placed directly in the center.  The line where the water and land meet creates a division in the photo.
    
17. Rule of Thirds- a rule that is used by breaking the image down into a grid of 9 equal squares and the best place for focal points is the intersections of these imaginary lines. In this picture, the sky is in one part, and the water is in the other two, and the sailboat is on an intersection.
    
18. Framing- emphasizing a part of the picture by blocking out the other parts with something in the photograph. The hand blocks out the rest of the scene so you only see the sun, making it the focal point.
    
19. Simplicity- keeping everything in the object simple and neutral so they do not draw as much attention. The background is just black so there is no distraction and there is only one object in it.
    
20. Texture- texture makes the objects in the image appear to feel a type of way and provides interest in the picture. You can see that the elephant's skin is rough.

Composition Match

Elements & Principles of Design:

Asymmetrical Balance.

Bird’s Eye View.

Curved Lines.

Diagonal Lines.

Emphasis.

Framing.

Horizon Line.

Horizontal Lines.

Leading Lines.

Movement/Rhythm.

Pattern/Repetition.

Proportion/Scale.

Rule of Thirds.

Simplicity.

Symmetrical Balance.

Texture.

Unity

Variety.

Vertical Lines

Worm’s Eye View.

Image	E/P of Design	Rational
	Framing	The fence frames it so you only see that one part through the hole.
	Pattern/Repetition	The same thing is being repeated all the way around.
	Bird’s Eye View	It is taken from above which is where a bird would be.
	Rule of Thirds	A third of the picture is different.
	Symmetrical Balance	The sides balance each other.
	Vertical Lines	runs north to south
	Unity	Go together harmoniously.
	Horizon Line	The picture has a horizontal view.
	Leading Lines	The lines lead to the point.
	Horizontal Lines	The things are horizontal, runs east to west.
	Diagonal Lines	She is moving, sliding down the slide.
	Proportion/Scale	The people appear to be smaller than they actually are.
	Texture	You can see the texture of the rope in the picture, the feel of it.
	Curved Lines	The steps are curved.
	Movement/ Rhythm
	Worm’s Eye View	It is taken from below where a worm would be, opposite of bird's eye view.
	Emphasis	Everything is black and white except for the plant so the focus is on it.
	Variety	It has things of different sizes, shapes, and colors.
	Simplicity There is little going on in the picture. It is simple.
	Asymmetrical Balance	The tree is on the right and there is nothing on the left to even it out.

Composition Questions

1. What is composition?
2. Why is it important to understand & utilize composition in photography?
3. Describe aspects of a “snapshot”.
4. Describe aspects of a “photograph”.
5. “Photography is the art of ________________________” 
6. Describe what interests you the most about this art form or what drew you to this form of communication.

1. Composition is the arrangement of visual elements within the frame of a photograph.
2. It is important to understand and utilize composition because you can combine different elements to achieve a specific effect and the elements need to work together for a better photograph.
3. A snapshot is a casual record of some person, event, or object, and the main importance of it is the memory and not the actual picture.
4. A photograph is an artistic interpretation of a person, object, or event and should not just show the subject, but it should describe the subject. A photograph requires more attention to detail and the composition is more important than the subject.
5. "Photography is the art of discovery."
6. Photography has always interested me because it captures beauty and memories in an artistic way.

Understanding White Balance

White balance helps get the colors in the image as accurate as the eye can see them. It is the color balance on the camera. A proper white balance will prevent things from appearing orange, blue, etc. in different types of lighting. White balance has to take into account the color temperature (the warmth or coolness or the light). 

Auto

Daylight

 Cloudy

Shade

 Tungsten

 Fluorescent

Overall Aperture, Shutterspeed, and ISO

Understanding Shutter Speed

Shutter speed is the amount of time the shutter is open. Slow shutter speed blurs the movement and takes more time which allows more light. Any movement when taking the picture appears blurred. Fast shutter speeds allow less light and freezes the movement. The movement in the picture appears clearly and looks frozen. When the shutter speed is slower the aperture is higher, and when the shutter speed is faster the aperture is lower so that it is balanced.
                   Slow Shutter Speed:

   

                Fast Shutter Speed: